Saturday, April 26, 2014

Got a Genealogy DNA Test from 23andMe. Here are my Ancestral results...

Maternal

Introduction

H dominates in Europe, reaching peak concentrations along the Atlantic coast. It is also common in many parts of the Near East and Caucusus Mountains, where the haplogroup can reach levels of 50% in some populations. H originated about 40,000 years ago in the Near East, where favorable climate conditions allowed it to flourish. About 10,000 years later it spread westward all the way to the Atlantic coast and east into central Asia as far as the Altay Mountains.

About 21,000 years ago an intensification of Ice Age conditions blanketed much of Eurasia with mile-thick glaciers and squeezed people into a handful of ice-free refuges in Iberia, Italy, the Balkans and the Caucasus. Several branches of haplogroup H arose during that time, and after the glaciers began receding about 15,000 years ago most of them played a prominent role in the repopulation of the continent.
H1 and H3 expanded dramatically from the Iberian Peninsula, along the Atlantic coast and into central and northern Europe. Other branches, such as H5a and H13a1, expanded from the Near East into southern Europe. After a 1,000-year return to Ice Age conditions about 12,000 years ago, yet another migration carried haplogroup H4 from the Near East northward into Russia and eastern Europe.
Haplogroup H achieved an even wider distribution later one with the spread of agriculture and the rise of organized military campaigns. It is now found throughout Europe and at lower levels in Asia, reaching as far south as Arabia and eastward to the western fringes of Siberia.
Royal Lines
Because it is so common in the general European population, H also appears quite frequently in the continent's royal houses. Marie Antoinette, an Austrian Hapsburg who married into the French royal family, inherited the haplogroup from her maternal ancestors. So did Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, whose recorded genealogy traces his female line to Bavaria.

Paternal

Introduction

E arose in the eastern part of Africa about 30,000 to 40,000 years ago. Since then, migrants have carried it throughout the continent and into neighboring regions of Europe and the Near East.

Within Africa, haplogroup E is extremely common and widespread, reaching levels of 75% or more among Arabs and Berbers in Morocco, Senegalese in western Africa and Bantu-speaking groups in South Africa and Kenya.
E1b1a and the Bantu Expansions
South of the Sahara, the E1b1a branch of E dominates. The haplogroup originated about 20,000 years ago in the pockets of western Africa that were habitable at the time, when much of the continent was extremely dry due to Ice Age climate conditions.
E1b1a is most common today among speakers of Bantu languages and those related to them; it reaches levels of up to 90% among the the Mandinka and Yoruba of western Africa. Its distribution can be used to trace the path of the expansion of Bantu-speakers throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa, which began about 4,000 years ago. Spurred by the development of agriculture and iron-working in the region, the expansion spread haplogroup E1b1a – and the Bantu languages – throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa.


One migration path crossed the central African forests and into eastern Africa, and then stretched southward from Tanzania into southeastern Africa about 1,500 years ago. A second migration path began in the Congo basin and then stretched southward along the Atlantic coast into Angola, Namibia and Botswana. E1b1a reaches 50% or higher in Bantu-speaking populations descended from these two broad migrations (e.g. Hutu, Sukuma, Herero, !Xhosa). E1b1a is also the most common haplogroup among African-American male individuals. About 60% of African-American men fall into this haplogroup primarily due to the Atlantic slave trade, which drew individuals from western Africa and Mozambique, where E1b1a is accounts for the majority of men.

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